by Rebecca Hales.

Stock characters like the sexy librarian, the dumb jock, or the math nerd– or character types such as “the moustachioed villain” or “ingénue” work great for satire, narratives like the movie Clueless, or in vaudeville theater.

Character types are great tools- a means to an end- and they make it possible for a story to serve as a morality tale or have teachable lessons without readers or viewers needing to invest in the characters’ individual human trials and joys.

But in novels, memoirs, narrative nonfiction, and screenplays- works designed to reflect back on the reader the human condition and show us ourselves- characters must be complicated, quirky, and unique- like people in real life.

Getting to know them and investing in their humanity on the page makes reading not just worthwhile but transformative.

These 3 questions you need to ask your characters are the best way to get to know them in all their complexity before you start writing.

Once you get a few basic attributes under your belt about who they are, you’ll be able to craft them with empathy.

From there, the characters will develop as they go about their business.

How Much Do You Need to Know About Your Characters In Advance?

David Jauss in “Homo Sapiens vs. Homo Fictus,” (Writers’ Chronicle, March/April 2013) argues that the writer doesn’t need to- and in fact ought not- pre-determine a character down to their cells before animating them; in fact, some mystery enables the writer to let their characters have some freedom to take on traits and behaviours that couldn’t have been pre-planned.

Yet he also cites prominent writers, among them friend, filmmaker, and writer T Cooper, who do a tremendous amount of character pre-planning: they make charts and lists and build their character from the ground up, deciding everything from pets and food intolerances to favorite films to their love history and what jobs their characters held as teenagers.

These writers know you need to ask questions of your characters, and they go all-in to delve as deeply as they can.

Where this in-depth process works for these writers, and the exploratory unfolding process works for others, in the end, when you are writing your characters and ask them questions at all, you’ll know how much you need in order to create them properly. 

There are always a few roads that lead to the destination, and our job as writers is to learn what works for us and and let that be our guide.

Whether you’re more comfortable having a bare outline as your starting point or you prefer a 10-page spreadsheet, by beginning with a few key issues to get to know your characters, you’re sure to be able to speak to their hearts with authenticity, so they feel real, complicated, and above all are interesting to read.

Prior to the 3 questions you need to ask your characters, it’s always good to begin with some light “census” information so you can begin to see them, if only in shadowy relief:

• Their name
• Birthplace
• Where they live now
• What do they do for a living
• Their age/hair/eye/ethnic make-up/height/weight
• And one or two other defining features either physical or behavioural

Then to get to know the right amount about your character’s interiority, these are the 3 questions you need to ask your characters:

1. What do they value?

What does your character value enough to fight for? What will they march in the street for, or what would make them fume, so they sit down to write a strongly worded letter?

2. What are your characters’ insecurities?

What do they feel self-conscious about? What do they want to protect in themselves or worry about others seeing in them?

Are they commonplace insecurities like their looks or intellectual ability or do 

they have an open wound from early childhood trauma or a terrible emotional event they need to protect? What are the buttons that can be pushed or what inside them will they strive to cover up?

3. How do your characters handle their shame?

When they’re confronted with something that makes them feel ashamed, do they get angry, defensive, do they clam up, make jokes or a combination thereof?

Everyone understands shame; we’ve all been there- and how we cope with early memories, daily mis-steps (e.g. putting your foot in it) or the larger gaffes that can upend a person in myriad ways speak to who we are.

These traits are great ones that you can share with your characters, so your reader can empathize with them.

Once you have this firm outline for your character, you’re free to sit back and let them do their thing (or you can keep going and get to know them even further).

From there, what they do is up to them!

If you’re thinking of writing a novel or memoir and would benefit from getting clear on some of the important elements that serve as your book’s foundation,  download our FREE comprehensive novel pre-planning workbook and get started with your writing!